RESUMO Introdução: A força muscular está ligada diretamente à área de sua seção transversal e ao volume de suas fibras, porém não há relação linear absoluta entre hipertrofia e melhora no desempenho atlético. Sob essa complexa perspectiva, estratégias de treinamento muscular vêm sendo implementadas para promover a força muscular relevante, no intuito de promover a melhora da capacidade atlética geral. Objetivo: Explorar os impactos do treinamento de força muscular nos jovens atletas baseado nos princípios cinéticos do esporte. Métodos: adotou-se o método de comparação estatística intragrupo com índices corporais de 10 voluntários submetidos ao treinamento muscular focado no conjunto do core e membros inferiores. Resultados: O ganho de força muscular foi efetivamente constatado via eletromiograma e o teste das habilidades atléticas demonstrou uma evolução no salto, equilíbrio e redução de passes errados. Conclusão: O treinamento muscular baseado em evidências consegue aumentar a força muscular e promover o ganho de habilidade esportiva nos jovens atletas. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Muscle strength is directly related to its cross-sectional area and the volume of its fibers, but there is no absolute linear relationship between hypertrophy and improvement in athletic performance. Under this complex perspective, muscle training strategies have been implemented to promote relevant muscle strength and improve overall athletic ability. Objective: Explore the impacts of muscle strength training on young athletes based on sport kinetic principles. Methods: we adopted the method of intragroup statistical comparison with body indexes of 10 volunteers undergoing muscle training focused on the core and lower limb set. Results: Muscle strength gain was effectively verified via electromyogram, and the test of athletic skills showed an evolution in jumping, balance, and reduction of wrong passes. Conclusion: Evidence-based muscle training can increase muscle strength and promote sports skill gain in young athletes. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

RESUMEN Introducción: La fuerza muscular está directamente relacionada con su área transversal y con el volumen de sus fibras, pero no existe una relación lineal absoluta entre la hipertrofia y la mejora del rendimiento deportivo. Bajo esta compleja perspectiva, se han implementado estrategias de entrenamiento muscular para promover la fuerza muscular pertinente, con el fin de promover la mejora de la capacidad atlética general. Objetivo: Explorar los impactos del entrenamiento de la fuerza muscular en jóvenes atletas basándose en los principios de la cinética deportiva. Métodos: se adoptó el método de comparación estadística intragrupo con los índices corporales de 10 voluntarios sometidos a un entrenamiento muscular centrado en todo el núcleo y las extremidades inferiores. Resultados: La ganancia de fuerza muscular se verificó eficazmente a través del electromiograma y la prueba de habilidades atléticas mostró una evolución en los saltos, el equilibrio y la reducción de los pases erróneos. Conclusión: El entrenamiento muscular basado en la evidencia puede aumentar la fuerza muscular y promover la ganancia de habilidades deportivas en los atletas jóvenes. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed at investigating the role of isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase in the growth, migration, and angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells and the underlying molecular mechanism. METHODS: To assess the role of isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase, we silenced isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase in human umbilical vein endothelial cells using lentiviral 2 specific short hairpin RNAs (short hairpin RNAs 1 and 2) and examined silencing efficiency using real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses. Short hairpin RNAs 1-isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase had greater knockdown efficiency, it was used in the entire downstream analysis. Short hairpin RNAs 1- isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase silencing effects on cell proliferation, cell colony generation, cell migration, as well as angiogenesis were assessed using cell counting kit-8, colony development, cell migration, and angiogenesis tube formation assays, respectively. RESULTS: Compared to the control group, anti-isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase short hairpin RNAs significantly silenced isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and suppressed their proliferation, migration, and angiogenic capacity. To characterize the underlying mechanism, western blot analyses showed that isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase knockdown suppressed phosphorylation of extracellular-regulated kinase ½ and protein-serine- threonine kinase, as well as expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, GSK-3β, and β-catenin. CONCLUSIONS: We have shown, for the first time, the critical role of isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Our data show that isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase knockdown suppresses human umbilical vein endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. We have also shown that isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase knockdown suppresses phosphorylation of extracellular-regulated kinase ½ and protein-serine- threonine kinase, as well as expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, GSK-3β, and β-catenin. Together, these data highlight isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase as a potential antitumor anti-angiogenic target.

Resumen Introducción: Ecuador es un país con 17 millones de habitantes y un indice de desarrollo humano medio de 0.75, pero tiene una baja producción científica en relación con su tamaño y población. Objectivo: Analizar las publicaciones de Ecuador en el Índice de Citación de Ciencia enfocándose en la productividad, categorías, instituciones, citaciones y tendencias. Métodos: En la base de datos Science Citation Index analizamos las publicaciones científicas de autores con dirección ecuatoriana desde 1900 hasta 2017 y comparamos los resultados con otros países tropicales. Resultados: Encontramos 16 tipos de documentos (7 806 artículos). Las tres instituciones más productivas fueron Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, y Escuela Politécnica Nacional. Estados Unidos y España fueron los países con colaboración más frecuente. La mayoría de los artículos fueron escritos en inglés con Ecología, Botánica y Zoología como las categorías más comunes, pero ninguna supera una producción del 8 % del total de las publicaciones. Sin embargo, Ecología representa el 11.3 % del total de citaciones. Los artículos más citados en esa base de datos fueron de grandes equipos internacionales en Biología y en Física, con poca participación de científicos ecuatorianos. La mayoría de las citas se dan después de que el SCI detiene el conteo. Conclusión: La ciencia en Ecuador está creciendo, pero se necesita aumentar la colaboración entre las instituciones ecuatorianas para reducir la dependencia de proyectos extranjeros. Se debe considerar que este estudio no incluyó los artículos publicados por centenares de revistas ecuatorianas que no son cubiertas por el Science Citation Index.

Abstract Introduction: Ecuador, a country of 17 million inhabitants with a medium human development index of 0.75, has a small scientific productivity in relation to its size and population. Objective: To analyze Ecuador publications in the Science Citation Index Expanded, focusing on productivity, subjects, institutions, citations, and trends. Methods: We analyzed scientific publications by authors from Ecuador from 1900 to 2017 in the Science Citation Index Expanded and compared it with other tropical countries. Results: We found 16 document types (7 806 articles). The three most productive institutions were Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, and Escuela Politécnica Nacional. USA and Spain were the most frequent collaborating countries. Most articles were in English and ecology, botany, and zoology were common, but no field produced over 8 % of articles. However, ecology represents 11.3 % of the total citations. The most cited papers in the database were from large international biology and physics projects with minimal participation of Ecuadorean scientists. Article citations occurs mostly after the SCI stops counting. Conclusion: Science in Ecuador is growing but needs to greatly increase collaboration among Ecuadorean institutions to reduce its dependence on foreing projects. However, this study did not include articles published by the hundreds of Ecuadorean journals not covered by the SCI Expanded.

Background: The of the iliopsoas abscess is a rare entity with a variable etiology. Its location and nonspecific clinical features makes it becomes a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for the general surgeon. The opportunity to treat a series of cases in a relatively short period of time motivates this communication. Objective: From a consecutive case series, we analyze etiology, clinical features , as well as diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, with special emphasis on percutaneous drainage, as well as a brief review of recent literature. Material and methods: Retrospective analysis of a consecutive series of six patients diagnosed with an ilipsoas abscess in a tertiary care center. Results: The series consists of 6 cases, 5 of primary type and 1 of secondary type. Pain, Limp and leucocitosis were the more prevalent signs; computed tomography of the abdomen was the diagnostic method of choice. Percutaneous drainage was the therapeutic option in 5 cases (83.3%), while in the remaining, antibiotic therapy and the drainage of an adjacent collection were indicated. The evolution of all cases was favorable with no mortality nor morbidity. Conclusion: The iliac psoas abscess is a pathology that needs a high level of suspicion given its nonspecific presentation. For diagnosis, together with the clinic, computed tomography is the method of choice. Percutaneous drainage of collection under tomographic control is a safe and effective option for the treatment of this entity.

Antecedentes: el absceso del psoas ilÃaco es una entidad poco frecuente y de etiologÃa variable. Su ubicación y cuadro clÃnico inespecÃfico la convierte en una entidad de difÃcil diagnóstico para el cirujano general. La oportunidad de tratar una serie de casos en un perÃodo de tiempo relativamente corto para este tipo de patologÃa motivan esta comunicación. Objetivo: a partir de una serie consecutiva de casos, analizar etiologÃa, clÃnica, y enfoque diagnóstico terapéutico, con especial énfasis en el drenaje percutáneo , como asà también una sucinta revisión de la bibliografÃa reciente. Material y métodos: estudio observacional retrospectivo de una serie consecutiva de casos Resultados: la serie consta de 6 casos, 5 de tipo primario y 1 de tipo secundario. La signos más frecuentes fueron el dolor, la impotencia funcional y la leucocitosis. La TomografÃa axial computada de abdomen con y sin contraste fue el método diagnóstico de elección. El drenaje percutáneo fue el tratamiento de elección en 5 casos (83,3%) mientras que en el restante se optó por antibioticoterapia y el drenaje de una colección adyacente. La evolución de todos los casos fue favorable. Conclusión: el absceso de psoas ilÃaco es una patologÃa que necesita un alto nivel de sospecha dada su clÃnica inespecÃfica. Para su diagnóstico, junto acon la clÃnica la TomografÃa es el método de elección. El drenaje percutáneo de las colecciones bajo control tomográfico es un opción segura y eficaz para el tratamiento de esta entidad.

ABSTRACT Herein, a binuclear ruthenium(II) complex modified by calix[4]arene group has been prepared. The complex as potential inducer and stabilizer of c-myc G-quadruplex DNA and antitumor reagent were studied. Observations revealed that the complex could bind to c-myc Pu27 and Pu22 DNA strongly with constants of 1.18 × 107 (Pu27) and 4.13 × 106 M-1 (Pu22) via groove mode as determined from absorption and luminescence titrations, as well as CD spectra. Results of continuous variation analysis confirmed that the complex interacted with c-myc G-quadruplex DNA through a 1:1 binding stoichiometry. As verified by PCR-stop assay, the replication of c-myc DNA was effectively blocked by the complex with the complete inhibition at the complex concentration of 4.0 μM both for Pu27 and Pu22, suggesting that the complex could efficiently induce the formation of c-myc G-quadruplex DNA. The appearance of blue TMB solution in the visual experiment also proved that the sequences of Pu27 and Pu22 could fold into G-quadruplex under the induction of the complex. Nevertheless, the complex was found to exhibit weak stabilization ability on c-myc G-quadruplex DNA according to FRET assay, which increased the melting point of c-myc DNA only 3-3.5 °C. The experiments on Topoisomerase inhibition and cytotoxicity of the complex showed that it acted as an inhibitor of TopoI and exhibited moderate anticancer activity against MCF-7 and Huh-7 tumor cells.

Abstract The present study investigated the extraction and purification technology of matrine from Sophora flavescens Ait. and the inhibitory effects of matrine on human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) CNE-2 cells. The matrine was extracted from Sophora flavescens Ait. by decocting using ethanol-aqueous solution as the solvent, followed by purification using ion exchange resin adsorption. The extraction and purification conditions were investigated. The effects of matrine on growth, cell apoptosis and cycle of CNE-2 cells and expressions of Bac-2 and caspase-3 protein in cells were detected. Results showed that, the optimal extraction and purification technologies of matrine from Sophora flavescens Ait. were obtained, under which the purity of matrine was 81.56%. Matrine could obtain inhibit the growth of CNE-2 cells, promote the cell apoptosis, and arrest most cells in G0/G1 phase. In addition, after treated matrine, the relative expression level of Bcl-2 protein in CNE-2 cells was decreased, and the expression level of Caspase-3 protein was increased. In conclusion, matrine has inhibitory effects on human NPC CNE-2 cells. The mechanism may be related to its down-regulation of Bcl-2 protein and up-regulation of Caspase-3 protein expression.

Post-stroke depression (PSD) is a very common complication that leads to increased physical disability, poor functional outcome, and higher mortality. Therefore, early detection and treatment are very important. Since there are currently no specific guidelines for this disorder in China, the purpose of this study was to develop PSD guidelines and provide suggestions for clinicians and related workers.

ABSTRACT Purpose To introduce a new method of constructing an orthotopic ileal neobladder with bilateral isoperistaltic afferent limbs, and to describe its clinical outcomes. Materials and Methods From January 2012 to December 2013, 16 patients underwent a new method of orthotopic ileal neobladder after laparoscopic radical cystectomy for bladder cancer. To construct the neobladder, an ileal segment 60cm long was isolated approximately 25cm proximally to the ileocecum. The proximal 20cm of the ileal segment was divided into two parts for bilateral isoperistaltic afferent limbs. The proximal 10cm of the ileal segment was moved to the distal end of the ileal segment for the right isoperistaltic afferent limb, and the remaining proximal 10cm ileal segment was reserved for the left isoperistaltic afferent limb. The remaining length of the 40cm ileal segment was detubularized along its antimesenteric border to form a reservoir. The neobladder was sutured to achieve a spherical configuration. Results All procedures were carried out successfully. The mean operative time was 330 min, mean blood loss was 328mL, and mean hospital stay was 12.5 days. The mean neobladder capacity 6 and 12 months after surgery was 300mL and 401mL, respectively. With a mean follow-up of 22.8 months, all patients achieved daytime continence and 15 achieved nighttime continence. The mean peak urinary flow rate was 11.9mL/s and 12.8mL/s at 6 and 12 months postoperatively, respectively. Conclusions This novel procedure is feasible, safe, simple to perform, and provides encouraging functional outcomes. However, comparative studies with long-term follow-up are required to prove its superiority.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the stability of prostheses supported by zygoma implants and remaining teeth for subjects who had undergone hemi-maxillectomy. METHODS: Ten patients were included in the study. Oral rehabilitation was performed using a temporary prosthesis that was supported by remaining teeth for the first three months. Then, a zygoma implant was placed to provide support for a final prosthesis in addition to the remaining teeth. Each prosthesis was tailor-made according to biomechanical three-dimensional finite element analysis results. The patients were assessed using the prosthesis functioning scale of the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. In addition, retention and bite force were recorded for both the temporary prosthesis and the final prosthesis. RESULTS: The mean bite force of the prosthetic first molar was increased to 69.2 N. The mean retentive force increased to 13.5 N after zygoma implant insertion. The bite force on the prosthetic first molar was improved to 229.3 N. CONCLUSION: Bite force increased significantly with the support of a zygoma implant. The use of zygoma implants in the restoration of maxillary defects improved functional outcome and patient satisfaction.

Ammonia oxidization is a critical step in the soil N cycle and can be affected by the fertilization regimes. Chinese milk-vetch (Astragalus sinicus L., MV) is a major green manure of rice (Oryza sativa L.) fields in southern China, which is recommended as an important agronomic practice to improve soil fertility. Soil chemical properties, abundance and community structures of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) in a MV-rice rotation field under different fertilization regimes were investigated. The field experiment included six treatments: control, without MV and chemical fertilizer (CK); 100% chemical fertilizer (NPK); 18 000 kg MV ha-1 plus 100% chemical fertilizer (NPKM1); 18 000 kg MV ha-1 plus 40% chemical fertilizer (NPKM2); 18 000 kg MV ha-1 alone (MV); and 18 000 kg MV ha-1 plus 40% chemical fertilizer plus straw (NPKMS). Results showed that NPKMS treatment could improve the soil fertility greatly although the application of 60% chemical fertilizer. The abundance of AOB only in the MV treatment had significant difference with the control; AOA were more abundant than AOB in all corresponding treatments. The NPKMS treatment had the highest AOA abundance (1.19 x 10(8) amoA gene copies g-1) and the lowest abundance was recorded in the CK treatment (3.21 x 10(7) amoA gene copies g-1). The abundance of AOA was significantly positively related to total N, available N, NH4+-N, and NO3--N. The community structure of AOA exhibited little variation among different fertilization regimes, whereas the community structure of AOB was highly responsive. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all AOB sequences were affiliated with Nitrosospira or Nitrosomonas and all AOA denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) bands belonged to the soil and sediment lineage. These findings could be fundamental to improve our understanding of AOB and AOA in the N cycle in the paddy soil.

A doença de mão-pé-e-boca (HFMD) está se tornando doença extremamente comum transmitida pelo ar e contato em Guangzhou, sul da China, levando preocupação às autoridades de saúde pública acerca da sua incidência aumentada. Neste estudo foi usada parte ecológica e regressão binomial negativa para identificar o status epidêmico da HFMD e sua relação com variáveis meteorológicas. Durante 2008-2012 um total de 173.524 casos confirmados de HFMD foram apresentados, 12 com morte, elevando o índice de fatalidade a 0,69 por 10.000. As incidências anuais de 2008 a 2010 foram 60,56, 132,44, 311,40, 402,76 e 468,59 por 100.000, respectivamente, mostrando tendência de rápido aumento. Cada 1 °C de aumento da temperatura correspondeu a aumento de 9,47% (95% CI 9,36% a 9,58%) no número semanal de casos de HFMD, enquanto a 1 hPa de aumento da pressão atmosférica correspondeu a decréscimo no número de casos de 7,53% (95% CI - 7,60% a - 7,45%). De maneira semelhante cada aumento de 1% na humidade relativa correspondeu a aumento de 1,48% ou 3,3% e a um aumento de 1 metro por hora na velocidade do vento correspondeu a um aumento de 2,18% ou 4,57%, no número de casos semanais de HFMD, dependendo das variáveis consideradas no modelo. Estes achados revelaram que o status epidêmico do HFMD em Guangzhou é caracterizado por alta morbidade, mas baixa fatalidade. Fatores referentes ao tempo tiveram influência significante na incidência do HFMD.

Hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) is becoming one of the extremely common airborne and contact transmission diseases in Guangzhou, southern China, leading public health authorities to be concerned about its increased incidence. In this study, it was used an ecological study plus the negative binomial regression to identify the epidemic status of HFMD and its relationship with meteorological variables. During 2008-2012, a total of 173,524 HFMD confirmed cases were reported, 12 cases of death, yielding a fatality rate of 0.69 per 10,000. The annual incidence rates from 2008 to 2012 were 60.56, 132.44, 311.40, 402.76, and 468.59 (per 100,000), respectively, showing a rapid increasing trend. Each 1 °C rise in temperature corresponded to an increase of 9.47% (95% CI 9.36% to 9.58%) in the weekly number of HFMD cases, while a one hPa rise in atmospheric pressure corresponded to a decrease in the number of cases by 7.53% (95% CI -7.60% to -7.45%). Similarly, each one percent rise in relative humidity corresponded to an increase of 1.48% or 3.3%, and a one meter per hour rise in wind speed corresponded to an increase of 2.18% or 4.57%, in the weekly number of HFMD cases, depending on the variables considered in the model. These findings revealed that epidemic status of HFMD in Guangzhou is characterized by high morbidity but low fatality. Weather factors had a significant influence on the incidence of HFMD.

Introduction The control of bacillary dysentery (BD) remains a big challenge for China. Methods Negative binomial multivariable regression was used to study relationships between meteorological variables and the occurrence of BD during the period of 2006-2012. Results Each 1°C rise of temperature corresponded to an increase of 3.60% (95%CI, 3.03% to 4.18%) in the monthly number of BD cases, whereas a 1 hPa rise in atmospheric pressure corresponded to a decrease in the number of BD cases by 2.85% (95%CI = 3.34% to 2.37% decrease). Conclusions Temperature and atmospheric pressure may be considered as predictors for the occurrence of BD in Guangzhou.